فصلنامه مطالعات اجتماعی - روان شناختی زنان
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 36، پاییز 1392)

Present study studies the scale and nature of gender discrimination and also the relationship between perceived gender discrimination and depression, anxiety and stress. A sample of 103 women was selected randomly; Schedule of Sexist Events (SSE) and DASS-21scale were filled by respondents. The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and linear regression. Correlation coefficients showed that there are significant positive correlations between the scores of perceived sexism as well as all sub-scales of SSE and depression, anxiety and stress. The results of regression analysis also indicated that sexism, particularly sexist events experienced in one’s life, have an important role in predicting depression, anxiety and stress among women.The results of the present study concordant with other studies indicated that sexism is commonly experienced by women as an important women specific source of stress and anxiety. According to the negative effects of sexist events on women's mental health it is necessary to make women aware of the prevalence of such events in their personal lives, and also to provide widespread long-term instructions in order to reduce harmful stereotypes related to them. Additionally, in mental health field, it is suggested that measures should be taken for women to use assertive responses for confronting sexism in order to reduce such negative experiences.

The aim of this project is defined based on global, national and local levels in which the local level of this project was conducted to develop and widen participatory development approaches in rangeland rehabilitation, enhancement of Carbon Sequestration and improvement of socio-economic living conditions of local communities. Therefore women empowerment in local communities is a fundamental tool to manage and increase participation of women as managers, rehabilitate rangelands as environmental capital, formulate female rural development groups as social capital, generate women micro economy funds as financial capital and so on. Study of women performance in this research shows that women have had direct participation in seeding production, nursery establishment, planting and irrigation for rangeland rehabilitation through organized groups in Village Development Groups (VDGs). They have also had indirect participation through acceptance of fuel innovations and reduced rangeland degradation by 75%. Through the collection of small savings in micro- credit funds they also have had different economic & productive activities to decrease dependence to livestock and use of rangelands for grazing, which has a major role in livestock & rangelands balance.

Given the importance of role of women in today’s world, improvement of their employment and guiding them through labor market will provide an opportunity for society to benefit from this great potential work force. Thus identification of factors that make the conditions of cooperation of women in economic and social areas has main priority. Present study investigates the impact of some variables including Percentage of girls enrolled in primary, secondary and higher education, share of value-added of industry in GDP (development process indicator), square of the value added of industry (development index), marriage to divorce ratio (socio – cultural index), government share of GDP (size of government index) on women employment in 1968 to 2011. This research uses artificial neural network to analyze data. Findings indicate that in this time period increase in development of the country and proliferation of women education are the most influential factors among women as work force.

The aim of the present study, as a descriptive analytical study, is spatial analysis and determination of position of each province of Iran in regard to women employment, and to explain the gap between the different regions of the country. Data on 16 indicators of women employment was gathered from 2010 documentations of Iran Statistics Center. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, TOPSIS Model and ArcGIS software. The results showed that there are wide gaps among the provinces regarding women employment indicators. The result of the cluster analysis indicated that in general, about 20 percent of the provinces were in very enjoyed and enjoyed level, about 13 percent in moderate level and about 67 percent in deprived and very deprived level. Finally, the analytic results of the study, based on display of spatial distribution using ArcGIS showed that the amount of enjoyment of women’s employment in northwest, east and north east of Iran is more desirable and in the central regions (except Isfahan) and southern regions they have an undesirable situation.

Present Study aims at identification of influential factors affecting social status of rural, farmer women in Ravansar, Kermanshah Province, using survey and questionnaire. Sample of the study was rural women living in farmer families and having more than 20 years of age. Through random sampling method 324 women were chosen. Results indicates that women belonging to different social strata vary in factors such as participation in farms and nursery, daily working duration of women in economic production, women earnings, woman belongings, women participation in educational courses, education level of spouse, age of spouse, number of people in that city, number of employed people in the family, social participation of women, decision making power of the women, independence of women and so on. Results of application of Discriminant Analysis show that seven variables of participation in nursery, woman earnings, participation in educational courses, women belongings, age of spouse, participation in farm activities and duration of daily work of women are most important variables in distinction of social status of women. In general the results indicated that rural women do not have appropriate social status therefore enough attention is not paid to rural women and their social status. There have not been enough efforts to improve women conditions and even if there had been, they have not been fruitful or successful. In this paper some suggestions have been made to executive institutions to improve rural women social status.

The previous socio-economic and cultural plans of the country have not paid sufficient attention to women's problems and requirements. The role of women in development process is very important and unavoidable. This research has considered the role of women in the fourth & fifth development plans of Islamic Republic of Iran regarding women's importance on development process using content analysis technique. Studying the women's position on the socio- economic, cultural and political plans of country is the main aim of this research. The position of women has been evaluated based on six factors including different variables. The weight of each index has been measured using Shanon Entropy Method. The result shows that the country development plans have not paid sufficient attention to the women's position especially in rural areas. This can be due to planers limited approach or have roots in institutional system and social beliefs that should be gradually revised.

The aim of the current study was investigating the relationship between attachment styles and thinking styles functions of high school female students in Hamadan. Chosen sample was 340 students from four high schools. Girl students were chosen randomly using cluster sampling method. Thinking style function was assessed using sternberg and wagner questionnaire and attachment style was evaluated using Collins & Read Adult Attachment questionnaire (reviewed version). Descriptive statistics and correlation matrix, multivariable regression, and t-test analyze were used for data analysis. The results indicated that secure attachment styles rather than insecure style have more impact on prediction of judgmental, executive and legislative thinking styles and positive correlation between them was statistically significant. In addition, there was negative correlation between thinking styles and insecure attachment style.